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(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet l. 0. KAUFMAN. CLOTH CUTTING MACHINE.

No. 487,840. Patented Dec. 13 1892.

(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 2.

G. KAUFMAN, CLOTH CUTTING MACHINE.

Patented Dec. 13, 1892.

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. '9 sheets sheet 5. G. KAUFMAN. GLOTH GUTTING MAGHINB.

Patented Dec. 13, 1892.

THE NORRIS PETERS co, mmouma, WASH'INGTON o. c

(No Model.)

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KAUFMAN. cLoTE. CUTTING MACHINE 9 Sheets- Sheet 61 (NoMbdeL) Y PatentedIMO-'13, 1892;

(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 7.

O. KAUFMAN. CLOTH CUTTING MACHINE.

Patented Dec. 13,1892.

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No. 487,840. Patented Dec. 13, 1892.

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cams rflsm mofo-Llma. wAs'HmaYoN o c (No Model.) 9 Shets-$het 9.

F O. KAUFMAN.

CLOTH GUTTING MACHINE.

No. 487,840. Patented Dec, 1 3, 1892.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CH RLES KAUFMAN,OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CLOTH-CUTTING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 487,840, dated December13, 1892 Application filed November 28, I89].- Serial No. 413.453. (N0model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CHARLES KAUFMAN, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines forCutting Cloth, &c., of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in cutting-machines of that typewhich is adapted to the cutting of cloth and other fabrics into anydesired shape, size, and pattern by pressing the cloth or other fabricon theknives of the machine. In my machine a number of knives are setside by side with the cutting-edges upward and are held in properposition by being secured to frames which have the desired shape, andsaid knives and frames together form the cutting-forms.

My invention, in the first place, especially relates to the shaping andconstruction of the said knives so that a limited number of the knivescan be used in a great (practically unlimited) number of cutting-forms.

In order that a machine of the kind referred to shall be practicable, itis necessary that it be capable of cutting any size, shape, or pattern;but heretofore all such machines, so far as I am aware,have.usedcutting-forms composed principally of shapedknives, and there has beenno system by which the knives couldbe always combined into any shape orsize of cutting-form. Thus there has been heretofore necessitated theuse of as many distinct shaped knives as there are forms and pat ternsto be cut,and the expense of providing the necessary and great numbersof such angles to the longitudinal axis of said cylinder. Of course Ican also make the knives in separate pieces, each of which is a sectionof some other body than a hollow cylinderas, for instance, a section ofa hollow bodywhose cross-section is an ellipse. In this latthecuttingforms.

ter case the cutting-edge of the knife would be an arc of the ellipseand the vertical edges of the knife would be planes that are each normalto the ellipse at their point of intersection therewith. I also maycombine straight knives with either of said kind of curved knives, thevertical edges of such straight knives being each plane surfaces atright angles to the straight cutting-edge. Evidently from the propertiesof curves and their radii and normals any two of such curved knives orsuch a curved and a straight knife can be set closely side by side andtheir cutting- .ed-ges will form an absolutely continuous and fair'line; also, evidently a small number of such knives can be combinedinavery great (practically unlimited) number of cuttingforms, each'havin'gan absolutely-continuous cutting-edge of any desired pattern, so as tocut the cloth clean and without waste. My said knives are secured onframes which have the shape of the desired A pattern, and the frames maybe made in separate pieces, each of which is a section of a hollowcylinder or other body, as hereinbefore described, for the knives,or theframes maybe made in one solid piece of the desired shape.

In the second place, my invention relates to the roller-frame, and Iemploy in the same a plurality of rollers for pressing the cloth orfabric upon the knives of the cutting-forms, and also devices to'preventthe heaviest roller,

which begins the cut, from touching the knife-' edges. The lighterroller is permitted to descend clear to the knives, since its weight isnot great enough to injure the knife-edges. Moreover, I arrange eachroller in the frame so that it has a capacity for vertical motion, and Iemploy devices similar to those first named to regulate the distance towhich each of the rollers can descend toward the cuttingforms.- I preferto obtain this capacity of adjustment of the rollers by supporting themat the lower ends of rods that are pivoted on the frame, and on the rodsI place nuts that:

regulate the distance which the rods, and of course also the rollers,can descend toward I may, however, also use side boards on the tableswhich support the cutting-forms,aswill be hereinafterexplained, and havethe rollers travel on said side boards.

Then by making the side boards adjustable the distance to which therollers can descend can also be regulated.

My invention further consists, finally, in the details of theconstructions, as will be hereinafter explained.

Referring now to the drawings which accompany the specification to aidthe description, Figure 1 is a side elevation of the complete machine.Fig. 2 is a side elevation, enlarged, of the middle part of the machine,showing the means for raising and lowering the side boards on which restthe rollers of the roller-frame. Fig. 3 is an enlarged side elevation ofone end of the machine, showing one of the turn-tables and sets ofcable-pulleys. The arrangement of the other end of the machine issimilar to that shown in this figure. Fig. 4 is an end elevation of themachine, and showing the relation of the cablepulleys to each other.Fig. 5 is a vertical section through the pivot of one turn-table andframe, showing the glass balls on which the turn-table rests. Fig. 6 isa cross-section and elevation of the machine on the line 1 1 of Fig. 2.The roller-frame is shown in elevation and as pressing the cloth on theknives of two cutting-forms. Fig. 6 is a plan view of a table, showingthe cloth-patterns after the same are cut, and the quoins indicated bydotted lines) by which the cutting-forms are locked in place on thetable. Fig. 7 is a section of the roller-frame on the lineyyof Fig. 6,showing how the pressurerollers are hung onthe axles of the Wheels. Fig.8 is a plan view, and Fig.9 a cross-section, of a single cutting-formcomplete, showing the sectional frames of the cutting-form, thesectional knives 0f the same, the springs for holding up the cloth,andguides for the springs. Fig. 10 is an elevation,partly broken,showingtwo sectional knives and several sections of the frame and indicatinghow the knives are secured to the frames. Fig. 11 is a perspective viewof a single cutting-form. Fig. 12 is an enlarged perspective of threesectional knivesand sections of frames and showing how the knives aresecured on the frames. Fig. 13 is a perspective view of a singleknifesection, showing the various slots. Fig. 14 is a detail of a singlespring and cap-piece and knife, showing the manner of uniting thecappieces to the springs and of guiding the springs in the slots in theknives, which knives are not shown in this figure. Fig. 15 is a sideelevation of the same parts as are shown in Fig. 14. Fig. 16 is aperspective view of the same. Figs. 17 and 18 are enlarged plan views ofsections of the frames, showing how the same are formed by radii ofcurves. The knife-edges are indicated by dotted lines. Fig. 19 is a planview of sections of the knives, showing how the same are formed byradii, and also showing the bolts for attaching the knives to thesections of the frames. Figs. 20 and 21 are respectively side elevationand plan of the clamp forsecurin g the cloth to the cables by which thecloth is drawn over the cutting-forms. In Fig. 20 the cloth is indicatedby heavy shading. Fig. 20 is a broken longitudinal section and elevationof the said clamp, indicating the manner in which the jaws which gripthe cable are operated by the movement of the short arms of the clamp.Fig. 22 show details of the buttons and pins by which the sections ofthe cutting-frame are fastened together. Figs. 23 and 24 are enlargedplan views of the cocentrics for gripping the main cable and theirlevers. In Fig. 23 the eccentrics grip the cable. In Fig. 24 they donot. Fig. 25 is an enlarged section of one of the nuts with itsbevel-gear for raising and lowering the side boards of the main tables.Figs. 26 and 27 show the construction of the preferred form of theroller-frame. Figs. 28 and 29 show in detail a modification of the meansfor supporting the material operated on. The plane of Fig. 29 isperpendicular to the plane of Fig. 28.

I will now describe first the main table and its attachments and themeans for propelling the materials to the cutting-forms.

My cutting-forms are secured on tables A, in the manner hereinafterexplained, and said tables A consist of frames or supports B and metaltop pieces 5, and said frames B are of metal and preferably cast withthe legs 1 1, cross-pieces 2, and side supports 3 3, for theroller-frame truck-rails 4, all in one piece. Thus the said tables A arecomposed of sections, each consisting of a top 5 and as many frames Band pairs of legs as may be necessary to support the tops. Each of saidsections of table is made a moderate length, as, say,about ten feet, andwhen Ineed to lengthen the tablesI simply place several such sectionsend to end until I have made a table of the desired length. Thus I canat will produce a very long table which will support a great number ofcutting-forms, and will thus permit many patterns to be cut at a singleoperation. My said table-tops 5 are made with true plane upper surfaces,and I may secure along each side of the tables two side boards 6 7,which are preferably made of sheet metal with true plane upper edges,which serve as guides for the roller-frame, as will be hereinafter eXplained. The said side boards 6 and 7 are secured to the table-frames bythe bevel-headed bolts 8 and 9, which pass through vertical guide-slots10 11 in the said side boards, so that said side boards can move up anddown for the purpose of regulating the depth of the cuts in the fabricsoperated on, as will be hereinafter down ward motion of the sideboardsis effected by the screws 12 and 13, which are threaded throughnuts 15, that revolve in the brackets 14 on the frames of the table, andsaid nuts have beveled gears l6 17 on theirlower ends. These saidbeveled gears 16 and 17 are en gaged by beveled gears 18 and 19 onshafts 2O 21, and on these shafts are hand-wheels 22 explained. Theupward and 23. Thus by turning hand-wheel 22 the side board 6 will beraised on one side of the table and by turning wheel 23 the side board 7on the same sideof the table will be raised. There are similar sets ofscrews, shafts, and hand-wheels for the other side of the table,

and by gages the corresponding side boards of both sides can be raisedto exactly the same height.

' In order to permit of the proper connections of the shafts 19 and 20when the table is lengthened,the end of the shaft of each table isprovided with a coupling, and thus when the tables are put togetherthese couplings fit each other, so that the motion of the handwheelswill rotate the continuous length of shatting under all the tables;also, the said side boards 6 and 7 each have rabbets e f in their ends,and when the tables Aare lengthened, as described, the ends of thesideboards of one section of the table fit the ends of the side boardsof the next section of the table, and the ends are then firmly fastenedby screws grh, as shown in Fig. 6.

At either end of my said table A, when the same is completed, is set theturn-table D for the roller-frame. This said turn-table D is supportedonthe frame 24 and has a central orifice 25, which fits easily on thepivot 26, that is fixed in the frame 24. Said turn-table D has in itsunder side a circular groove 27, semi-spherical in cross-section, whichgroove rests on glass balls 28, that are supported in a correspondingcircular groove in the frame 24, and said turn-table D also carriestracks 4 for the roller-frame. It will of course be understood that theraised end 29 of the frame 24 has apassage-way to admit the roller-frameto the turn-table.

Adjacent to one of the turn-tables D is the cloth-table E, which issomewhat lower and narrower than the turn-table D and the permanenttable A, so that said cloth-table E can he slid under the turn-table,and said clothtableE is usually just long enough to reach under theturn-table nearly to the one end of the main table A. On the top of saidclothtable E are guides 30, which are adjustable in any-known manner tothe width of the cloth. Said cloth-table E has pulleys 31 32 33 at eachside, over which pulleys are stretched wire cables 34 forthe purpose ofcarrying the cloth G from the rack F over the cutting-forms, as will behereinafter explained. One branch of said cable 34 passes up from pulley33 over pulley 35 at the end of the permanent table A, and thence isstretched parallel along over one side of the said table A, andsufficiently above the same topermit the cutting-forms to be set on saidtableAbeloW the cloth as itis carried along by the cable. On the saidturntable D is a spring-actuated pulley or roll 35, which pressesthe'clo'th against the pulley 35 and prevents its slipping back afterithas been cut. Thence said cable 34 passes over the pulley 36 and downunder the pulley 37, which is driven by bevel-gears on the'shaft of thebelt-pulleys33 39. One of these said pulleys 38 39 is loose and theother-fixed in the ordinary manner, and power is communicated by thebelt 40 from the driving-pulley 41. From the said pulley 37 the cable 34returns to its starting-point at the cloth-tableE.

37 is a tension device, consisting of a puldesired are drawn from saidrollers 42 down'to the guides 30 of the cloth-table E, and then the'ends of the layersof cloth are clamped together in the clamp H. Saidclamp H consists of a cross-bar 43, which has on its underside at eachend a concave projection 44, which forms one member of a cable-grip, andat either end 'of said cross-bar 43 is pivoted a short arm 45 46,each'of which has on its under side a concave projection 47, that formsthe other member of the cable-grip. Said arms 45 46 each have set-screws49, that-enter shallow sockets in a Hat bar 50, that has a tongue 51 ateach end which enters a slot .52 52 in each of the arms 45 46. Thus thebar 50 is adjustable in the slots 52 52, so that different thicknessesof cloth can be received and held in the clamp. Now said shortarms 45 46are lifted, the bar 50 being also raised, and the ends of the cloth areplaced over the cross-bar 43 and under the bar 50, and the whole is thenplaced on the cables 34, so that the said cables 34 will be between thegrip parts 44 and 47. Then the fiat bar 50is lowered upon the cloth andthe'short arms 45 46 are brought down horizontal, whereby the aforesaidgrip parts 44 47 close upon the cable in the manner of shears, firmlygripping the cable 34. The ends of the arms 45 46 are held down by thering 54, which ring 54, when the arms 45 46 are open, is slipped back onone of them, and when the said arms 45 46 are closed is slid over theends of both. Finally the set-screws 49 are screwed down, clampingthecloth firmly between the bar 50 and the cross-bar 43. Now the cloth Gis firmly attached to the cables 34 and will evidently' be drawn alongover the table A when the cables are started. At the other end of thesaid table A and near the pulley 36 I pivot a lever 55,-which carries abelt-shifting finger 56, and said lever 55 is so placed as to be struckby the cloth-clamp H H, so that the belt 40 will be shifted to the loosepulley and the cable 34 will stop automatically.

the clamp I-I will be taken off the cloth and the roller-frame willpassv over the cloth, as will be hereinafter described.

The cutting-forms.Now,as before said, the cloth G is drawn over thecutting-forms J, which are placed on the main-table A immediately belowthe cloth. Said cutting-forms Then ' J are constructed as follows:First'are the frames K. Evidently the shape of the said cutting-formsmust be of great variety, so that it is generally not advisable to havethe frames in one piece; but said frames are preferably built up ofsegments, and those segments are capable of indefinite combinations. Ieffect these results by the following construction: The frames K areeach preferably composed of many parts 57 57, and each of those parts 57is a section of a hollow cylinder, and the sides of each part are trueplanes radiating from the center of the cylinder. Thus in Figs. 17 and18 each of the parts 57 of the frame K is asection of a hollow cylinder,whose center is at y g and m :0 m and the sides of each ofsaid sectionsare planes radiating from sa d centers. 57 may all be of differentwidths, some being narrow, others wide, and also they may be ofdiiferent radial lengths, some sections being surfaces of small, otherssurfaces of large, radii; also, the outer surfaces of said sections maybe concave as well as convex. Thus the section 57* in Fig. 18 isconcave; but in all these cases the sides of the sections are radialplanes. Moreover, I may form a single section with different curves, andin that case one side of the section will be a plane radial to the curveon that side and the other side of thesection will be a plane radial tothe curve on that side. This is made clear by 57 in Fig. 17. Moreover,as was hereinbefore explained, I may form the pieces 57 as sections ofother hollow bodies than cylinders, and their curves will be other thanarcs of cylinders, as ellipses of hyperbolas or parabolas; but in thatcase the sides of the sections will be normals to the curved surface.Now from the known properties of curves and normals evidently eachsection, as above described, will always fit tightly side by side, andthe curve of the outer surface will always be a fair continuous curve,no matter how suddenly the curvature may rise; a1so,I can use along withthe curved sections other sections with fiat surfaces and sidesperpendicular to the flat surface, and evidently, mathematicallyconsidered, such flat pieces are sections of cylinders of infiniteradius. Now Iprefer to make each of said sections 57 as an angleiron,with the vertical part 58 and the horizontal flange 59. The saidvertical parts 58 are shaped as sections ,of curved bodies, ashereinbefore described, and the flanges 59 will be sections of the sameplane curves. For corners I either form an angle-segment of a singlepiece, as 57 in Fig. 8,and then shape each side of such angle-section asa normal plane of its respective curve, orI make miter-pieces, as 57 thebevel of each said miter-pieces being such that the miter-edges will notfit, but will leave an angular open space between them. Thus suchmiter-pieces can be adapted to various angles, according as the spacebetween the miters is more or less open. Now said sections are united inthe following manner: Each sec- These said sectionstion'has on one sidea tongue 60 and on the other side a dovetail groove 61, and thus thetongue of one section being slid down into the groove of the other thetwo will be united. The outer face of the tongues and the inner face ofthe grooves must be parallel to the sides of their respective sections,as shown in the drawings. Also on the top face and at each side of thesections is fixed a pin 62, bent horizontally at its top, as shown. Overthese pins 62 is put a button 63, which has a central orifice 64 justlarge enough-to inclose the pins 62, but not large enough to slip overthe bent ends, and at opposite sides of the orifice 64 is the slot 65.The top of the button is also formed with inclined planes 66. Nowslipping the slot 65 over the pins 62 and giving the button a quarter-turn the sections will be firmly bound together. Now the sections 57having been put together, as described, into the proper form, as Figs. 8and 11, braces L are used to keep the sections in shape. These braces Lare each made in two U-bars, and the inner ends of each bar are closedby a flange 66, and the flange of one rod has a right-hand and the otherrod a left-hand female-threaded hole, in which is threaded a right andleft handed bolt B. Turning the bolt by a wrench the braces arelengthened, so as to press outward the frame to its proper shape.

Fig. 8 shows only cross-braces; but evidently there may be similarbraces extending from the cross-braces shown to the ends of the frame,so as to stretch outthe frames lengthwise, if necessary.

Now the frames having been shaped as described, the knives are fastenedto the frames inthe following manner: Each knife 67 is formed of sheetmetal and as a section of a hollow cylinder, and the sides of each knifeare the radial planes of that cylinder. In like manner as described forthe frames, the knives are either wide or narrow sections, and they areformed of cylinders of varying radii and are both convex and concave,and of course there may be flat knife-sections with parallel sides.Thus, as was explained in connection with the frames, knives of varyingcurvature will fit closely side by side and will form fair curves,notwithstanding the varying.

some cases I will do this; but generally I prefer to make both my framesand knives in sections. Generally the inner surface of the knives willbe formed of the same radius as the other surface of the frame, and theinner surface of the knives will also be the same width as the frames,so that some one knife will al ways fit nicely on the frames. The knivesare each sufficiently long to stand some distance. above the frames, andtheir cutting-edges 68,.

which are formed by bevels 69, will be truly horizontaland parallel withthe top of the table A. In some knives the said bevel 69 will beoutward, in others inward, and the knives which are at the edge of thefabric to becutnarrowest size, and near the lower edge there of, arehorizontal slots 7 O, and there are cor responding horizontal slots 71in the vertical part of the frames 57. A bolt is put through theseslots, and'a nut 73, turned up on its inner end, secures the knife tothe frames. By reason of the slots 71 and 72 a knife can be movedsidewise on the frame to its proper position. The narrow knife-sectionshave the bolt 7 2 secured to them, and this bolt is fastened to theframes, as just described; also, since the slots 71 and 72 are made alittle wider than the body of the bolt, there is permitted a slightupward and downward movement of the knives, so that their cuttingedgescan be brought into exactly the same horizontal plane. Thus when theframes and knives are united there will be produced cuttihg-forms J,having knife-edges in the exact shape of the desired pattern.

To hold the fabrics clear ofthe knife-edges while they are being drawnalong by the cable 34, as hereinbefore described, I use what I termleaved springs M, Figs. 14,15, and 16, which are set upright andlengthwise of the cutting-forms between the braces L, Fig. 7. The endsof the uppermost leaf ill slide through slots in lugs 91?, fixed on theunder side of cap-pieces 0, and said cap-pieces .0 have a dovetailedgroove 0' on the under side which slides over beveled-headed bolts or,which bolts 02. pass through slots 72, in angle-guides 'n, and theseguides or have bolts 01 which pass through vertical slots 02 in theknives 67. Said slots n are formed by the meeting of two half-slots, onein each of two adjoining knife-sections, as shown in Figs. 10 and 12.Thus the cap-pieces 0 are adjustable both lengthwise and sidewise, andby the guides 11.

hold the springs M upright and secure to said springs a true rectilinearmotion. The tension of said springs M is such as to hold the cap-pieces0, on which the cloth G rests, somewhat above the knife-edges 68, evenwhen weighted. by the cloth; but also such as to yield when theroller-frame passes over the cap-pieces.

The leaved form of springs is very important, since it permits of theends of the spring successively depressing under the framerollers.

Now the cutting-forms J with their knives, frames, braces, and springshaving been constructed, as described, each such cutting-form is placedat any'desired part of the table A,

and there secured by quoins and wedges a,

(indicated by dotted lines in Fig. (3 in a manner similar to that inwhich printers look their forms, and the better to effect this I placeacross the ends of the tables bars a", which are bolted to the table orotherwise fixed in place, and I use these'bars a" toassistin wedging thecutting-forms, as shown inFigG.

It will be evident from the foregoing description that my cutting-formsJ, when once put together, are strong constructions which may be movedabout as desired, and can be removed from 'the tables A and stored forfuture use, and this is a practically-important result of my method ofconstruction.

The r0ZZer-fmme.The cloth is cut by being pressed on the cutting-formsJ, and to effect this Iv prefer to use a roller-frameN, which traversesover the cutting-forms, though evidently a screw-press or other means toexert downward pressure might be employed. My said roller-frame Nconsists of side bars 80, connected in any suitable manner by crossties,and has flanged wheelsSO, traveling on the track at and which turn onaxles fixed in the said side bars, and such axles may of course serve asthe cross-ties of the frame. Said frame N carries pressure-rollers 8283, which are hollow metal cylinders having holes in their heads, asshown,for the introduction of'bars, so as tovary the weightof the saidrollers at'will. Each of said rollers 82 83 is pivoted in a bushing84011 the end of inclined rods 85, one bushing and rod at each'end ofeach roller, and the lower ends of said rods 85 are pivoted on theshafts of the wheels 80. Thus the rollers 82 83 are'verticallyadjustable through the raising and lowering of the side boards 6 and 7,so as to control the depth of the cut, as will be hereinafter described,and also that if the rollers meet any obstruction they can rise and passover it. The ends of the front and heavier roller 82 travel on the outerside board 7, and

said rollerhas a circumferential rabbet around each end, in which isairing of vulcanized fiber to diminish the wear of the side boards 7.The larger rear roller 83 has a covering of vulcanized fiber or othersuitable material 87, and this roller travels on the inner'side board 6.The purpose of having two rollers 82 83'is that the heavier roller 82may begin the cut, but may not descend to the knives 67, but that thereshall always be some thickness'of cloth between the knives and saidroller, and that the lighter roller 83, which is covered with vulcanizedfiber or other suitable material, may finish the cut and bear on theknives.

Thus the great weight of the first rollerwillnot injure the knives, andI may use more than two rollers, and in that case the several heavierrollers will successively deepen the out; but none of them will descendto the knives, and only the lightest roller will finish the cut and bearon the knives. Evidently the depth of the out Which the severalrollers'82 83 will make IIO tion.

is controlled by the side boards 6 and 7, which are set for any desireddepth of cut by the aforesaid screws 12 and 13. The said rollerframe Nis propelled by the endless cable 0. Said cable 0 is driven by pulley87, passes under two inclined pulleys 88, side by side, then along abovethe table A and around two inclined pulleys 89 at the other end of themachine and up around a pulley 90. One branch of said cable 0 passes byeach side of a pulley 91, which turns on a pin 92, that is fixed in theroller-frame N. On said pin 92 turns a collar 93, on which is pivotedtwo eccentric cams 94 94, so placed that one cam can grip one branch ofthe cable 0, and the other cam the other branch of said cable againstthe pulley 91. Each of said eccentrics 94 has an arm 95 96, with eyes 97in their free ends,

in which eyes may be hooked hooks 98, that are on a small endless cable99, stretched along parallel to the cable 0 and over pulleys 100 at eachend of the machine. On said cable 99 are fixed at proper positions lugs101 102, which will strike against arms 104 104, fixed at either end ofthe machine, when the cable 99 moves sufficiently far in that direc- Nowthe eccentrics 94 are so set that when the levers 95 96 are in themiddle position of Fig. 24 the eccentrics do not grip the cable 0against the pulley 91 and the cable will move along without moving theroller from N; but when the lever-arms 95 or 96 are either inclined, asin Fig. 23, then the eccentric of that arm will grip the cable 0 againstthe pulley 91, so that the said frame N will be moved along in thedirection of one or the other branches of the cable 0 which is sogripped. As the roller-frame N thus moves along it moves the small cable99 until the lug 101 or 102 strikes the corresponding arm 103 or 104.Then the cable 99 stops; but the frame N still being moved by the cable0 of course the small cable 99 moves that one of the lever-arms 95 or 96which is hooked to the cable 99 to the middle position, so as to freethe eccentric94 from the cable 0 and stop the frame N. The position ofsaid lugs 101 and 102 is so adjusted that the frame N will stop when itis properly on one. of the turntables D, and not before; also, in caseof accident the operator can pull the cable 99 and so stop the saidframe N at any point.

Nowthe whole operates as follows: As many layers of cloth as arenecessary are drawn from the rollers 42 in rack F, placed in the clampH, and drawn by the cable 34 over the cutting-forms J,in the mannerdescribed. The cloth will be as yet held above and out of contact withthe knives 67 by the springs M, and now the clamp H, having been takenoff the cloth, the roller-frame will be started by the operator pullingthe cable 99 and levers 95 96, in the manner described. As therollerframe N passes along, the front heavier roller 82 will press thecloth down on the knives 67, the springs M yieldingsufticientlytherefor, and the knives 67 will cut partly, but

not entirely, through the layers of cloth, the depth of the out beingregulated before hand by the position of the side boards 7. As thelighter rear roller 83 passes over the cloth G, it also presses thecloth down on the knives 67 and completes the cut, the side boards 6being set to permit said roller 83 to descend clear to the knives 67,and said side boards 6 may evidently be so set as to let the roller 83barely touch the knives. Thus the wear of the knife-edges is reduced toa minimum. The patterns which are thus cut by the rollers rest on thesprings M,inside the cutting-frame J, and as the roller-frame N passesby the said springs M lift up the patterns,which are then removed by anattendant. Atthe end of its travel the roller-frame N passes onto theturn-table D and stops automatically, as

described. Then the operator revolves the,

again stopping on the other turn-table D, and,

thus the operation is repeated as often as desired. v

In Figs. 26 and 27 I show my preferred form of roller-frame. In thisform of roller-frame the side bars 105 are arched and support inclinedrods 106, which have on their lower ends bushings 107, in which arepivoted the axles of the pressure-rollers 82 and 83. The construction ofsaid rollers-is similar to that hereinbefore described. There isone suchinclined rods 106 at each end of each roller 82 and 83, and at theirupper part said rods 106 pass with easy fit through swivel-blocks 108,which are fixed on shafts 108, that turn in bearings in the frame 105.The upper extremities of said rods 106 have screw-threads on which arenuts with hand-wheels 109, by turning which the rods 106 are raised orlowered, and the said nuts are formed as sprocket-wheels,which havechains extendingaround the nuts of the rod 106 at the other end of thesame roller. Thus by turning either hand wheel 109 the rods at both endsof. the same roller are raised or lowered simultaneously. Said rods 106106 each have acollar 111 near their lower ends, with rectangularfaces,which collar slides on a guide 112, that is secured to the frame105. Said roller-frame N is impelled by a cable O in-the same manner ashereinbefore described, and when used the side boards 6 or 7 on thetable A will be omitted, for the distance to which the rollers 82' InFigs. 28 and 29 I show a platform 113,

resting on springs M. Said platform 113 has ble or cause the same togrip said main cable.

lugs 114:, in which slides the upper leaf of the said spring M, and thesaid platform '113 has angle-guides 115, with bolts'which play in theguide-slots n of the knives 67, as 'hereinbefore described.

claim as my invention 1. In cutting-machines,a knife formed asa sectionof a hollow cylinder, the vertical edges of which section lie in planesradiating from the longitudinal axis of said cylinder, and the top (orcutting) and the bottom edges of which section lie each in parallelplanes that are at right angles-to the longitudinal axis of saidcylinder.

2. In cutting-machines, frames for cutting forms, consisting of curvedand straight sections, as described, pins with bent heads set at themeeting faces of adjoining sections, and slotted and beveled buttonsadapted to fit over and lock adjacent pins.

3. The combination, in cutting machines, of knives, as described, andframes to support the knives, said frames being each composed of aplurality of pieces and certain of the pieces being sections of hollowcylinders and having vertical edges which are plane surfaces radiatingfrom the longitudinal axis of said cylinder and having bottom edges thatare plane surfaces at right angles to the longitudinal axis of saidcylinder, long horizontal slots in said pieces, and bolts in saidknives, adapted to pass through said slots and fix the knives atvariable positions on said frames.

4. In cutting-machines and in combination with sectional cutting-forms,extension-braces consisting of a plurality of U-bars arranged end to endand each bar having the inner end closed by a flange 66, and rightandleft hand screws threading through the flanges of adjacent U-bars.

5. In cuttingmachines, the combination, with cutting-forms, ofroller-frames adapted to reciprocate over the cutting forms and pressfabrics thereon, and said roller-frames carrying pressure-rollersrotatably suspended on the lower ends of rods which are pivoted on theframe, and devices to limit the descent of said rollers toward saidcutting-forms.

6. In cutting-machines, the combination of roller-frames adapted totraverse over cuttingforms, an endless traveling cable to reciprocatesaid roller frames, eccentrics on said roller-frames to grip saidcables, asecond cable to engage said eccentrics, lugs on said secondcable, and stops to engage said lugs, so as to stop said roller-frame.

7. In cutting-machines, the combination of a roller-frame, a maintraveling cable to impel said roller-frame, a rotary collar on saidroller-frame, eccentrics mounted on said collar and adapted to grip saidcable, and a second cable adapted to connect with said eccentrics andrelease the same from said main ca- Now, having described myimprovement, I

8. In cutting-machines and in combination with a cloth-conveying cable,a cloth-clamp having a long bar curved at each end and shorter barspivoted at each end of said longer bar and also having oppositely-curvedends which form with the curved ends of the said long bar a grip forsaid cable, and a swing adapted to cover the ends of said shorter barsand hold the same down on the long bar.

9. In cutting-machines and in combination with a cloth-conveying cable,a' cloth-clamp having a cross-bar, arms pivoted on sald cross- "bar, andsaid cross-bar and said arms having oppositely-curved ends, whichtogether form a grip for said cable, a pressure-bar parallel to saidcross-bar and adjustable in slots n said arms, and screws in said armsfor pressing said bar on the cloth.

I 10. In cutting-machines and in combination with cutting-forms, leavedsprings independent of the'support for said cutting-forms and adapted tobe set in various positlons with n said cutting -forms, projectlons .onsaid springs, and vertical guide-slots in said outting-forms to guidesaid pro ections. i

11. In cutting-machines and 1n combination with cutting-forms, maintables adapted to support the same, roller-frames, rails for saidroller-frames on said main tables, and turntables having correspondingrails for said roller-tram es and adapted to rotate by'means of axialpivots, circumferential grooves 1n both said turn-tables and thesupports thereof, and balls in said grooves.

12. In cutting-machines, the combination of a cloth-conveying cable, acloth-clamp adapted to grip said cable between the curved ends,respectively, of a fixed cross-bar and of short arms pivoted thereon,and a belt-shipper adjacent to said cable and adapted to be engaged bysaid clamp for the purpose of arresting said cable.

13. In cutting-machines, a roller-frame for pressing fabrics oncutting-forms and having a plurality of pressure-rollers rotatablysupported on the lower ends of rods which are pivoted in the frame,threads on said rods, and nuts to limit the motion of said rods throughthepivotal supports thereof.

14:. The combination, in cutting-machines, of cutting-forms,leavedsprings independent of the support of said cutting -forms and adapted tobe set at different positions within said forms, slotted cap-piecesadapted to sl de lengthwise over said springs and carrying guides whichmove vertically in guide-slots in the cutting-forms.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,this 19th da of November, A. D. 1891. r

CHARLES KAUFMAN. Witnesses:

JOHN G. WALL, BERNARD J. ISECKE.

